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The initial prompt for the overthrow of the Iranian Shah's regime fundamentally stemmed from domestic unrest caused by his non-democratic rule. Under the Shah, particularly Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, there was significant political repression, lack of civil liberties, and widespread discontent among various segments of society, including political groups, intellectuals, and the general population. The combination of authoritarian governance and attempts at Westernization sparked widespread opposition.

The Shah's regime's heavy-handed tactics, such as the use of the secret police and censorship, intensified public dissatisfaction, leading to protests and civil disobedience. This unrest brought together various factions — from secular leftists to religious conservatives — uniting them against the Shah's oppressive policies. While economic challenges and foreign intervention later played roles in the broader context, it was primarily the local populace's desire for a more representative and democratic governance that catalyzed the regime's eventual downfall.

Understanding this context highlights the complexity of the Iranian Revolution, showcasing how domestic political dynamics can influence significant regime changes.