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The Soviet leadership perceived capitalism as a significant threat to their regime due to its fundamental opposition to the principles of Marxist-Leninist ideology that underpin the Soviet system. Capitalism advocates for private ownership of production and market-driven economies, which are seen as fostering inequality and class divisions. These concepts directly contradicted the communist ideals of collective ownership and equality that the Soviet Union aimed to achieve.

Moreover, the capitalist world, especially the United States, was often portrayed in Soviet propaganda as an imperialist power that aimed to undermine and subvert socialist states. The competition between the capitalist West and the communist East further solidified this perception of capitalism as a threat, leading the Soviet leadership to engage in various measures, both military and ideological, to protect their regime from potential subversion by capitalist influences. This understanding of capitalism as a threat impacted not only domestic policies but also foreign policy decisions throughout the Cold War era.